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1 antiferroelectric state
Электроника: антисегнетоэлектрическое состояниеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > antiferroelectric state
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2 antiferroelectric state
English-russian dictionary of physics > antiferroelectric state
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3 antiferroelectric state
English-Russian electronics dictionary > antiferroelectric state
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4 antiferroelectric state
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > antiferroelectric state
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5 antiferroelectric state
English-Russian dictionary of electronics > antiferroelectric state
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6 state
1) состояние (1. форма и способ существования объекта или системы объектов 2. классифицирующая характеристика формы и способа существования объекта или системы объектов 3. накопленная информация; предыстория; память 4. вчт текущий символ из последовательности; величина, оказывающая влияние на последующие события 5. (энергетическое) состояние; (энергетический) уровень) || приводить в (определённое) состояние2) положение; ранг; уровень4) формулировать (напр. проблему); поставить (напр. задачу)5) утверждать; высказывать; выражать; излагать6) заявлять; сообщать•- accessible statestate of the art — современное состояние (напр. науки); передовой уровень (напр. технологии); последние достижения ||современный (напр. о науке); передовой (напр. о технологии); относящийся к последним достижениям
- active state
- admissible state
- allowed state
- all-zero state
- amplifying state
- antiferroelectric state
- antiferromagnetic state
- asymptotic state
- authorized state
- balance state
- band-gap state
- bistable magnetization state
- blocking state
- bound states
- brain state in a-box
- bubble state
- cache wait states
- charge state
- charge storage state
- cellular state
- code state
- coherent state
- command state
- conducting state
- correlated state
- critical state
- current state
- current-carrying state
- cutoff state
- deep state
- deep-lying state
- degenerate state
- demagnetized state
- determined state
- DMA wait states
- domain-wall state
- donor impurity state
- dopant-induced state
- dynamically demagnetized state
- E-state
- effective-surface state
- electretic state
- emergency state
- empty state
- energy state
- entangled states
- even state
- exchange-split state
- excited state
- exciton state
- exciton-magnon state
- exclusive state
- fast state
- ferrimagnetic state
- ferroelectric state
- ferromagnetic state
- ferron state
- filled state
- finite state
- forbidden state
- forward blocking state
- frozen state
- ground state
- high-impedance state
- high-Z state
- hyperfine state
- I-state
- idle state
- impurity state
- initial state
- inner state
- instance state
- instantaneous state
- in-sync state
- interface state
- intermediate state
- invalid state
- I/O wait states
- logic state
- M-state
- magnetized state
- matched momentum states
- memory state
- memory read wait states
- memory write wait states
- metaequilibrium state
- metastable state
- midgap state
- minimum uncertainty state
- mixed state
- modified state
- nodal state
- noncollinear spin state
- nondegenerate state
- nonsteady state
- normal state
- occupied state
- odd state
- off state
- on state
- one state
- orthogonal states
- passive state
- plasma state
- polarization state
- polarization state for field vector
- poled state
- position state
- predissociating state
- problem state
- process state
- quantized flux state
- quantum state
- quasi-stationary state
- qubit state
- quiescent state
- realizable state
- remanent state
- resource state
- reverse blocking state
- reverse conducting state
- S-state
- saturation state
- Schubnikov state
- shallow state
- shallow-lying state
- shared state
- single-domain state
- sleep state
- slow state
- solid state
- space-charge-limited-current state
- stable state
- statically demagnetized state
- stationary state
- steady state
- superconducting state
- supervisor state
- surface state
- tachyon state
- terminal state
- thermodynamic equilibrium state
- threshold state
- tip of the tongue state
- transient state
- trapped-plasma state
- trapping state
- unbound states
- unfilled state
- unmarked state
- unoccupied state
- unpoled state
- unstable state
- user state
- vacant state
- virtual state
- wait state
- Z-state
- zero state
- zero wait state -
7 state
1) состояние (1. форма и способ существования объекта или системы объектов 2. классифицирующая характеристика формы и способа существования объекта или системы объектов 3. накопленная информация; предыстория; память 4. вчт. текущий символ из последовательности; величина, оказывающая влияние на последующие события5. (энергетическое) состояние; (энергетический) уровень) || приводить в (определённое) состояние2) положение; ранг; уровень4) формулировать (напр. проблему); поставить (напр. задачу)5) утверждать; высказывать; выражать; излагать6) заявлять; сообщать•- accessible statestate of the art — современное состояние (напр. науки); передовой уровень (напр. технологии); последние достижения || современный (напр. о науке); передовой (напр. о технологии); относящийся к последним достижениям
- active state
- admissible state
- allowed state
- all-zero state
- amplifying state
- antiferroelectric state
- antiferromagnetic state
- asymptotic state
- authorized state
- balance state
- band-gap state
- bistable magnetization state
- blocking state
- bound states
- brain state in a box
- bubble state
- cache wait states
- cellular state
- charge state
- charge storage state
- code state
- coherent state
- command state
- conducting state
- correlated state
- critical state
- current state
- current-carrying state
- cutoff state
- deep state
- deep-lying state
- degenerate state
- demagnetized state
- determined state
- DMA wait states
- domain-wall state
- donor impurity state
- dopant-induced state
- dynamically demagnetized state
- E state
- effective-surface state
- electretic state
- emergency state
- empty state
- energy state
- entangled states
- even state
- exchange-split state
- excited state
- exciton state
- exciton-magnon state
- exclusive state
- fast state
- ferrimagnetic state
- ferroelectric state
- ferromagnetic state
- ferron state
- filled state
- finite state
- forbidden state
- forward blocking state
- frozen state
- ground state
- high-impedance state
- high-Z state
- hyperfine state
- I state
- I/O wait states
- idle state
- impurity state
- initial state
- inner state
- instance state
- instantaneous state
- in-sync state
- interface state
- intermediate state
- invalid state
- logic state
- M state
- magnetized state
- matched momentum states
- memory read wait states
- memory state
- memory write wait states
- metaequilibrium state
- metastable state
- midgap state
- minimum uncertainty state
- mixed state
- modified state
- nodal state
- noncollinear spin state
- nondegenerate state
- nonsteady state
- normal state
- occupied state
- odd state
- off state
- on state
- one state
- orthogonal states
- passive state
- plasma state
- polarization state for field vector
- polarization state
- poled state
- position state
- predissociating state
- problem state
- process state
- quantized flux state
- quantum state
- quasi-stationary state
- qubit state
- quiescent state
- realizable state
- remanent state
- resource state
- reverse blocking state
- reverse conducting state
- S state
- saturation state
- Schubnikov state
- shallow state
- shallow-lying state
- shared state
- single-domain state
- sleep state
- slow state
- solid state
- space-charge-limited-current state
- stable state
- statically demagnetized state
- stationary state
- steady state
- superconducting state
- supervisor state
- surface state
- tachyon state
- terminal state
- thermodynamic equilibrium state
- threshold state
- tip of the tongue state
- transient state
- trapped-plasma state
- trapping state
- unbound states
- unfilled state
- unmarked state
- unoccupied state
- unpoled state
- unstable state
- user state
- vacant state
- virtual state
- wait state
- Z state
- zero state
- zero wait stateThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > state
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8 display
1) дисплей || выводить (напр. изображение) на экран дисплея2) устройство отображения; устройство индикации, индикатор; (электронное) табло; (индикаторная) панель; дисплейная панель3) отображение; индикация || отображать; использовать индикатор4) вчт выделение || выделять (напр. особым шрифтом)5) вчт вектор указателей на блоки данных о переменных (в-области действия идентификатора) и о связях, проф. вектор указателей на записи активации•- absorptive display
- absorptive-mode display
- active matrix liquid-crystal display
- active-screen laser display
- air traffic control display
- alarm display
- alarm control display
- alignment display
- alphameric -display
- alphanumeric -display - B-display
- back-light liquid-crystal display
- bar-graph display
- beam-addressed display
- bit-map display
- bit-mapped display
- black-and-white display
- branching displays
- C-display
- call display
- cathode-ray tube display
- character display
- character-mapped display - color display
- complex display
- control message display
- CRT display
- D-display
- 3-D display
- deflected-beam display
- dial display
- digital display
- digital information display
- direct display
- direct-current electroluminescent display
- direct-view laser display
- Doppler-range display
- dot-matrix display
- dynamic-scattering liquid-crystal display
- E-display
- EL display
- electrochromic display
- electroluminescence display
- electroluminescent crossed-grid panel display
- electron-beam-addressed liquid-crystal display
- electronic display
- electronic watch display
- electrooptic display
- electrophoretic display
- electrostatic display
- electro-thermo-optic display
- expanded center display
- expanded center PPI display
- F-display - field-emission display
- film-based projection display
- film-compensated super twisted nematic display
- flat-panel display
- flat-panel TV display
- flexible display
- flexible organic light-emitting diode display
- flicker-free display
- fluorescence-activated display
- FOLED display
- formatted display
- front-projection display
- F-STN display
- full-page display
- full-size TV display
- G-display
- gas-discharge display
- gas-plasma display
- glow-discharge display
- graphic display
- gray-tone display
- group display
- H-display
- half-page display
- hand-drawn display
- head-mounted display
- high-aspect ratio display - histogram display
- holographic display - incremental display
- increment-mode display
- individual display
- individual character display
- information display
- in-plane switching display
- intensity-modulated CRT display
- interactive display
- interdigital twisted-nematic display
- IPS display
- J-display
- K-display
- L-display
- lamp display
- landscape display
- laser display
- laser-beam display
- laser television display
- LCD display
- LCoS display
- LED display
- light display
- light-emitting diode display
- light-valve display
- liquid-crystal display
- liquid-crystal-on-silicon display
- liquid-vapor display
- M-display
- N-display
- magnetooptic display
- magnitude display
- matrix display
- matrix-addressed display
- matrix-controlled display
- matrix panel display
- megapel display
- megapixel display
- memory CRT display
- meter display
- micro B-display
- micromirror display
- mirror display
- monochrome display
- monolithic semiconductor display
- monostable display
- moving-vane display
- multibar display
- multicolor display
- multidial display
- multi-domain vertical alignment display
- multiscreen display
- MVA display
- nonstorage display
- numeric display
- off-center display
- off-center PPI display
- OLED display - open-center PPI display
- optoelectronic display
- organic light-emitting diode display
- oscilloscope display
- P-display
- panel display
- panoramic display
- passive-matrix liquid-crystal display
- personal display
- photochromic display
- pictorial display
- pip-matching display
- plan-position indicator display
- plasma display
- polychrome display
- polymer display
- portrait display
- PPI display
- primary display
- projection display
- pseudo-three-dimensional display
- R-display
- radar display
- radarscope display
- random-point display
- range-amplitude display
- range-azimuth display
- range-bearing display
- range-height display
- range-height indicator display
- raster display
- real-time display
- rear-projection display
- rectangular radar display
- redox display
- reduction-oxidation display
- reflective liquid-crystal display
- reflective display
- reflective-mode display
- remote display
- scanned display
- sector display
- segment display
- selective-access display
- sequential-access display
- seven-color display
- side-light liquid-crystal display
- single-screen display
- situation -display
- SOLED display
- solid-state panel display
- specular display
- stacked organic light-emitting diode display
- status display-
- step-mode display
- stereo display
- STN display
- storage-tube display
- super twisted nematic display
- target-tracking display
- teletype display
- television display
- TFT display
- thermally addressed liquid-crystal display
- thin-film transistor display
- thin-window display
- three-dimensional display
- TN display
- TOLED display
- touch display - transparent organic light-emitting diode display
- TTY display
- TV display
- twisted nematic display - video display
- virtual-image display - visual display
- wallboard display
- wall-map display
- windshield display
- X-Y matrix display -
9 phase
1) фазав) фтт крист. устойчивое состояние системы, отличающееся по симметрии или степени упорядоченности от других возможных состояний той же самой системыд) стадия; этап; цикл; период2) фазовый, относящийся к фазе3) находиться в фазе; совпадать по фазе; фазировать(ся); быть или становиться синфазным4) синхронизм; синхронность || находиться в синхронизме, быть синхронным5) грань; тип появления ( объекта или процесса)6) точка зрения; аспект•in-phase — 1. (находящийся) в фазе, совпадающий по фазе, синфазный 2. (находящийся) в синхронизме, синхронный
- allocation phaseout of phase — 1. (находящийся) не в фазе, не совпадающий по фазе, несинфазный 2. (находящийся) не в синхронизме, несинхронный
- anisotropic phase
- antiferroelectric phase
- antiferromagnetic phase
- assembly phase
- blue phase
- canted phase
- cholesteric phase
- clock phase
- code phase
- coexisting phases
- collinear phase
- color phase
- commensurate phase
- coprecipitating phase
- cubic phase
- design phase
- differential phase
- disordered phase
- envelope phase
- execute phase
- ferrimagnetic phase
- ferroelectric phase
- ferromagnetic phase
- Fourier phases
- Fourier transform phases
- gas phase
- gaseous phase
- glass phase
- H-phase
- hexagonal phase
- high-temperature phase
- horizontal phase
- incommensurate phase
- instantaneous phase
- lagging phase
- leading phase
- level-dependent phase
- link/load phase
- locking phase
- low-temperature phase
- martensite phase
- monoclinic phase
- negative picture phase
- nematic phase
- noncollinear phase
- normal phase
- opposite phase
- ordered phase
- orthorhombic phase
- paraelectric phase
- paramagnetic phase
- polar phase
- positive picture phase
- precession phase
- progressive phase
- quantum phase
- reference phase
- refractory phase
- relative phase of elliptically polarized field vector
- retarding phase
- return to zero phase
- reversed phase
- smectic phase
- solid phase
- split phase
- superconducting phase
- superfluid phase
- sweep phase
- tetragonal phase
- triclinic phase
- trigonal phase
- unwrapped phase
- V-phase
- vapor phase
- vertical phase
- wave-function phase -
10 transition
1) переход; проход; перемещение || переходить; проходить; перемещать(ся)2) трансформация; превращение; переход3) переходный период; переходный этап; переходная стадия•- absorptive transition
- allowed transition
- amorphous-crystalline transition
- amplifying transition
- antiferrodistortive phase transition
- antiferroelectric phase transition
- Auger transition
- band-to-band transition
- band-to-impurity transition
- basic transition
- Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
- bit transition
- branching transition
- bubble-lattice-to-isolated-bubble transition
- capture transition
- clock transition
- conduction-band-to-acceptor transition
- conduction-to-valence-band transition
- continuous phase transition
- cross-relaxation transition
- crystal-field transition
- diffusion transition
- dipole transition
- direct transition
- direct optical transition
- direct radiative transition
- displacive ferroelectric phase transition
- distortive structural phase transition
- donor-to-acceptor transition
- donor-to-valence-band transition
- double-quantum transition
- double-spin flip transition
- downward transition
- electric dipole transition
- electric quadrupole transition
- electron-capture transition
- electronic transition
- electronic interband transition
- electronic-vibrational transition
- emitting transition
- equilibrium phase transition
- exciton-magnon transition
- extrinsic transition
- fast transition
- ferrimagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition
- ferrodistortive phase transition
- ferroelectric phase transition
- ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition
- ferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic phase transition
- ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition
- ferromagnetic phase transition
- ferromagnetic-spiral phase transition
- field-induced phase transition
- first-kind phase transition
- first-order phase transition
- fluorescent transition
- flux transition
- forbidden transition
- forced transition
- glass transition
- harmonically coupled transitions
- high-order quantum transition
- hole transition
- hyperfine transition
- idle transition
- improper phase transition
- indirect transition
- induced transition
- insulator-insulator transition
- insulator-metal transition
- interband transition
- intervalley transition
- intraband transition
- inverted transition
- isolated-bubble-to-bubbie-lattice transition
- Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
- job-to-job transition
- laser transition
- laser-induced transition
- lasing transition
- magnetic dipole transition
- magnetic phase transition
- magnetic resonance transition
- mark-to-space transition
- maser transition
- metal-insulation transition
- metamagnetic transition
- multiple-quantum-plus-multiple-spin-jump transition
- multiple spin-flip transition
- multipole transition
- navigation transition
- nonequilibrium phase transition
- nonforbidden transition
- noise-induced phase transition
- nonradiative transition
- normal-superconducting transition
- n-s transition
- optical transition
- optical-frequency transition
- order-disorder transition
- paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition
- parity-forbidden transition
- phase transition
- phase transition in physical system
- phase transition in search
- phonon-assisted transition
- phonon-stimulated transition
- photoassociative transition
- photodissociative transition
- photon-induced transition
- photon-stimulated transition
- polymorphic transition
- pressure-induced phase transition
- proper phase transition
- pump transition
- pumping transition
- quadrupole transition
- quantum transition
- radiationless transition
- radiative transition
- rapid transition
- recombination transition
- relaxation transition
- resonance transition
- RF transition
- rotational transition
- saturated transition
- second-kind phase transition
- second-order phase transition
- semiconductor-semimetal transition
- signal transition
- single-quantum transition
- slow transition
- s-n transition
- space-to-mark transition
- spin transition
- spin-allowed transition
- spin-flip transition
- spin-flop transition
- spin-forbidden transition
- spontaneous transition
- state transition
- stimulated transition
- strong transition
- structural phase transition
- superconducting transition
- superconducting-normal transition
- superfluid transition
- superradiant transition
- tunneling transition
- two-photon transition
- upward transition
- vibrational-rotational transition
- weak transition -
11 display
1) дисплей || выводить (напр. изображение) на экран дисплея2) устройство отображения; устройство индикации, индикатор; (электронное) табло; (индикаторная) панель; дисплейная панель3) отображение; индикация || отображать; использовать индикатор4) вчт. выделение || выделять (напр. особым шрифтом)5) вчт. вектор указателей на блоки данных о переменных (в области действия идентификатора) и о связях, проф. вектор указателей на записи активации•- absorptive display
- absorptive-mode display
- active matrix liquid-crystal display
- active-screen laser display
- A-display
- air traffic control display
- alarm control display
- alarm display
- alignment display
- alphameric-display
- alphanumeric-display
- antiferroelectric liquid crystal display
- azel display
- back-light liquid-crystal display
- bar-graph display
- B-display
- beam-addressed display
- bit-map display
- bit-mapped display
- black-and-white display
- branching displays
- call display
- cathode-ray tube display
- C-display
- character display
- character-mapped display
- cockpit traffic situation display
- coincidence-voltage display
- color display
- complex display
- control-message display
- CRT display
- D-display
- deflected-beam display
- dial display
- digital display
- digital information display
- direct display
- direct-current electroluminescent display
- direct-view laser display
- Doppler-range display
- dot-matrix display
- dynamic-scattering liquid-crystal display
- E-display
- EL display
- electrochromic display
- electroluminescence display
- electroluminescent crossed-grid panel display
- electron-beam-addressed liquid-crystal display
- electronic display
- electronic watch display
- electrooptic display
- electrophoretic display
- electrostatic display
- electro-thermo-optic display
- expanded center display
- expanded center PPI display
- F-display
- ferroelectric liquid crystal display
- fiber-optics display
- field-emission display
- film-based projection display
- film-compensated super twisted nematic display
- flat-panel display
- flat-panel TV display
- flexible display
- flexible organic light-emitting diode display
- flicker-free display
- fluorescence-activated display
- FOLED display
- formatted display
- front-projection display
- F-STN display
- full-page display
- full-size TV display
- gas-discharge display
- gas-plasma display
- G-display
- glow-discharge display
- graphic display
- gray-tone display
- group display
- half-page display
- hand-drawn display
- H-display
- head-mounted display
- high-aspect ratio display
- high-gain emission display
- high-powered display
- histogram display
- holographic display
- hybrid field-emission display
- I-display
- incremental display
- increment-mode display
- individual character display
- individual display
- information display
- in-plane switching display
- intensity-modulated CRT display
- interactive display
- interdigital twisted-nematic display
- IPS display
- J-display
- K-display
- lamp display
- landscape display
- laser display
- laser television display
- laser-beam display
- LCD display
- LCoS display
- L-display
- LED display
- light display
- light-emitting diode display
- light-valve display
- liquid-crystal display
- liquid-crystal-on-silicon display
- liquid-vapor display
- magnetooptic display
- magnitude display
- matrix display
- matrix panel display
- matrix-addressed display
- matrix-controlled display
- M-display
- megapel display
- megapixel display
- memory CRT display
- meter display
- micro B-display
- micromirror display
- mirror display
- monochrome display
- monolithic semiconductor display
- monostable display
- moving-vane display
- multibar display
- multicolor display
- multidial display
- multi-domain vertical alignment display
- multiscreen display
- MVA display
- N-display
- nonstorage display
- numeric display
- off-center display
- off-center PPI display
- OLED display
- on-screen display
- open-center display
- open-center PPI display
- optoelectronic display
- organic light-emitting diode display
- oscilloscope display
- panel display
- panoramic display
- passive-matrix liquid-crystal display
- P-display
- personal display
- photochromic display
- pictorial display
- pip-matching display
- plan-position indicator display
- plasma display
- polychrome display
- polymer display
- portrait display
- PPI display
- primary display
- projection display
- pseudo-three-dimensional display
- radar display
- radarscope display
- random-point display
- range-amplitude display
- range-azimuth display
- range-bearing display
- range-height display
- range-height indicator display
- raster display
- R-display
- real-time display
- rear-projection display
- rectangular radar display
- redox display
- reduction-oxidation display
- reflective display
- reflective liquid-crystal display
- reflective-mode display
- remote display
- scanned display
- sector display
- segment display
- selective-access display
- sequential-access display
- seven-color display
- side-light liquid-crystal display
- single-screen display
- situation-display
- SOLED display
- solid-state panel display
- specular display
- stacked organic light-emitting diode display
- status display
- step-mode display
- stereo display
- STN display
- storage-tube display
- super twisted nematic display
- target-tracking display
- teletype display
- television display
- TFT display
- thermally addressed liquid-crystal display
- thin-film transistor display
- thin-window display
- three-dimensional display
- TN display
- TOLED display
- touch display
- touch information display
- touch-sensitive display
- transparent organic light-emitting diode display
- TTY display
- TV display
- twisted nematic display
- vacuum fluorescent display
- velocity-azimuth display
- video display
- virtual retina display
- virtual-image display
- visible laser display
- visual display
- wallboard display
- wall-map display
- windshield display
- X-Y matrix displayThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > display
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12 phase
1) фазав) фтт.; крист. устойчивое состояние системы, отличающееся по симметрии или степени упорядоченности от других возможных состояний той же самой системыд) стадия; этап; цикл; период2) фазовый, относящийся к фазе3) находиться в фазе; совпадать по фазе; фазировать(ся); быть или становиться синфазным4) синхронизм; синхронность || находиться в синхронизме, быть синхронным5) грань; тип появления ( объекта или процесса)6) точка зрения; аспект•- anisotropic phase
- antiferroelectric phase
- antiferromagnetic phase
- assembly phase
- blue phase
- canted phase
- cholesteric phase
- clock phase
- code phase
- coexisting phases
- collinear phase
- color phase
- commensurate phase
- coprecipitating phase
- cubic phase
- design phase
- differential phase
- disordered phase
- envelope phase
- execute phase
- ferrimagnetic phase
- ferroelectric phase
- ferromagnetic phase
- Fourier phases
- Fourier transform phases
- gas phase
- gaseous phase
- glass phase
- H phase
- hexagonal phase
- high-temperature phase
- horizontal phase
- in phase
- incommensurate phase
- instantaneous phase
- lagging phase
- leading phase
- level-dependent phase
- link/load phase
- locking phase
- low-temperature phase
- martensite phase
- monoclinic phase
- negative picture phase
- nematic phase
- noncollinear phase
- normal phase
- opposite phase
- ordered phase
- orthorhombic phase
- out of phase
- paraelectric phase
- paramagnetic phase
- phase of state
- polar phase
- positive picture phase
- precession phase
- progressive phase
- quantum phase
- reference phase
- refractory phase
- relative phase of elliptically polarized field vector
- retarding phase
- return to zero phase
- reversed phase
- smectic phase
- solid phase
- split phase
- superconducting phase
- superfluid phase
- sweep phase
- tetragonal phase
- triclinic phase
- trigonal phase
- unwrapped phase
- V phase
- vapor phase
- vertical phase
- wave-function phaseThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > phase
См. также в других словарях:
antiferroelectric — adjective Describing a state in which dipoles are arranged antiparallel to adjacent ones, resulting in a net zero polarization … Wiktionary
Ferroélectricité — On appelle ferroélectricité la propriété selon laquelle un matériau possède une polarisation électrique à l état spontané, polarisation qui peut être renversée par l application d un champ électrique extérieur. La signature d un matériau… … Wikipédia en Français